An algorithm that transforms a given amount of data (the "message") into a fixed number of digits, known as the "hash," "digest" or "digital fingerprint." Hash functions are a fundamental component in ...

Hashing is a one-way cryptographic function while encryption is designed to work both ways. Encryption algorithms take input and a secret key and generate a random looking output called a ciphertext.

Passwords are the keys to our online identities, and as a result, they’re also near the top of the target list for attackers. There have been countless breaches in the last few years in which ...

I’m going to talk about the security behind Bitcoin addresses and keys, called Public Key Cryptography. This includes SHA256, Random Number Generators(RNGs), Hash Functions, and Elliptic Curve Digital ...

In this chapter we will look at choosing and optimizing cryptographic algorithms, particularly for resource-constrained systems, such as embedded systems. We will look at various strategies for ...

What is Google’s Willow quantum chip? Google’s Willow chip marks a new era in quantum performance, enabling complex computations with significant implications for various industries, including ...

When Bitcoin launched in 2009, it was not merely a new online currency: it was a new model of finance. As a system of electronic money with no central government in charge but rather relying on ...

Quantum computing is on the horizon, promising to solve complex problems beyond the capabilities of classical computers. But for Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, which rely on today’s cryptographic ...

One of Bitcoin’s most unique features is its consensus algorithm, which set the precedent for a Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) peer-to-peer currency system. The most common definition of Bitcoin’s ...