Combining two TLx431 regulators together to make a programmable gain current mirror that can be also used for a current loop ...

It’s just a fact of life. A BJT wired in common emitter, even after compensating for the effects of device and temperature variations, still isn’t a perfect current source. Figure 1 Current mirror ...

Circuit and system design requirements often mean compromises. For example, optoisolators are used almost everywhere, but they are highfrequency limited. This simple circuit allows for wider bandwidth ...